Page 47 - ICSE GEOGRAPHY

most professionally competent people leave Career prospects 66%
the country, they are denying their source Social injustice 60%
country the contribution that their talent is
Compensation 54%
off ering to the economy of the country they
Study and stay on 30%
are settling in.
Safety and security 28%
Brain drain can also be defi ned as the loss of
Politics 23%
the academic and technological labour force
through the movement of human capital to Study and return 19%
a more favourable geographic, economic or Liveability 12%
professional environment. More oft en than 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
not, the movement occurs from developing Source: Survey among the diaspora
countries to developed countries. A chart showing the main reasons for brain drain

Main Characteristics of Brain Drain Countries with the Highest Brain Drain

• Engineers, medical personnel, scientists
Students Going
and other skilled persons tend to move to Country
Abroad (per year)
places with better professional opportunities.
• Th e movement of people is comparatively
China 421,000
higher from developing countries to
developed countries as there is more India 153,300
scope for individuals to succeed there.
• When there are better educational systems Republic of Korea 105,300
and infrastructure in a country or a state,
it is bound to be attractive to the countries Germany 77,500
and states that lack such infrastructure.
Hence, many students oft en leave their Japan 54,500

home nations and go to places that off er
them better educational opportunities.

Causes of Brain Drain

Push Factors Pull Factors

• High competition for employment • Jobs off ering high wages
• Poor quality research facilities • Opportunity of working or getting educated
• Poor wages and working conditions in established organisations/institutions

• Limited career options • Deciding careers based on interests
• Inadequate infrastructure and facilities that • Better economic standards
inhibit intellectual stimulation • Stable political situations

• Political tensions

45