Page 42 - ICSE GEOGRAPHY
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• Push factors are associated with the area Forced migration has also been used for
of origin. economic gain, such as the approximately
• Pull factors are associated with the twelve million men, women and children who
destination. were forcibly carried as slaves to the Americas
between the 16th and 18th centuries.
Economic Reasons
Social Reasons
Economic motives loom large in all human
movements, but are particularly important Social reasons tend to involve forced
with regards to migration. migration.
Pull Factors Pull Factors
• Have more job opportunities. • Religious tolerance
• Acquire jobs aligned with interests. Push Factors
• Earn higher wages.
• Intolerance towards a certain cultural group
• Active religious persecution—Examples
being the Huguenots in the 16th century
France, the Puritans in the 17th century
England and the Jewish communities
from Nazi Germany
Physical Reasons
Pull Factors
• Attractive environments such as
mountains, sea sides and warm climates,
for example, the Alps attracting people to
Emigrating for better jobs is common.
eastern France
Push Factors
Push Factors
Economic push factors tend to be almost the
exact reversal of the pull factors. • Natural disasters — For example, six
• Overpopulation million people fled Mozambique as a
• Few job opportunities result of famine, civil war and fl ooding.
• Prevalence of low wages
Types of Migration
Th is lack of economic opportunities tends to
push people to look for their future outside the Th e various kinds of migration depend on
area of their origin. For example, the United the fl ow and number of people involved, the
States and Canada have been especially reasons for their movement, the time they
prominent destinations for migrants looking spend in migration, and the nature of that
for jobs. migration. Listed here are a few types.
intolerance: unwillingness to accept views, beliefs and behaviour that diff er from one’s own
Nazi Germany: Common English name for a period in German history (1933–1945), during the dictatorship of
Adolf Hitler
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