Page 48 - ICSE GEOGRAPHY

Brain Drain in India reasons for migration may have changed
over the years but the fact that it is necessary
India experiences brain drain every year
as many skilled professionals like doctors, has not. Th rough migration, the world has
grown closer, socially and culturally, as there
engineers,and scientists migrate to countries
such as Canada, Germany, USA and the UK. is a constant exchange of skill, knowledge and
language. Despite brain drain and the loss
Oft en, students who study abroad continue
to stay overseas and start working which of skilled workers to developed countries,
developing countries have also improved
results in India losing most of its skilled and
educated citizens to developed countries. economically in recent years as many more
educational and job opportunities have
Migration is a phenomenon that has been
taking place for thousands of years. Th e become accessible to people from various
parts of the country.
Impacts of Brain Drain

Positive Impacts Negative Impacts

• Migrants send their earnings back to their • Huge economic losses that aff ect
home countries which help in their economic employment, and rates of wages, leads to a
growth. decline in the standard of living.
• Families of the migrants experience an • Industries develop at a slow pace.
improved standard of living. • Shortage or loss of competent professionals
• Th e migrants return from their destination who leave the country for more opportunities.
countries with new skills and knowledge. • Loss of investment in the education of youths
• Professionals whose ambitions are not met occurs as they provide the eventual economic
in their home countries are able to fulfi l them benefi ts to their destination countries once
successfully in the destination countries. they migrate.

ARCTIC OCEAN

Heidelberg, Germany Malta, Russia Diuktai Cave, Russia
600,000 years ago 15,000 years ago 14,000 years ago
Mladec, Crech Rep. NORTH
33,000 years ago
AMERICA
Europe Ubeidiya, Israel ASIA
1 million years ago Meadowcroh
Lantian China Blackwater Draw, U.S. Rockshelter
700,000 years ago 11,000 years ago U.S, 12,000
Tighenif, Algeria Oafzeh, Israel Liujiang China PACIFIC OCEAN years ago
700,000 years ago 92,000 years ago 67,000 years ago
ATLANTIC
AFRICA Tabon Cave, Philippines Homo erectus fossil sites OCEAN
Area of Human Origins Lake Turkana Kenya 30,000 years ago Homo saplens fossil sites 12,000-30,000
1.6 million years ago
Homo erectus migration route
Pedra Furada
Trinil Indonesia
Brazil
Homo saplens migration route
700,000 years ago
Extent of last glacier, 18,000 B.C.
years ago
INDIAN OCEAN
AUSTRALIA
Extent of land areas, 18,000 B.C.
SOUTH
AMERICA
Klasies River Mouth, Lake Mungo Australia Monte Verde , Chile
South Africa 38,000 years ago 12,000-30,000 years ago
100,000 years ago
Migration is not a recent phenomenon and has been practised for centuries.
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