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Relation between Multiplication and Division

Multiplication Division
Number ending in
Number ending in
• Multiplication is repeated addition. • Division is repeated subtraction.
For example, to get 2 mangoes each for 6 For example, to distribute 12 mangoes
people, we add 2 mangoes 6 times. among 2 people, we subtract 2 mangoes 6
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 12 times from 12 repeatedly.
ar
are even numbers.e even numbers.
Thus, 2 × 6 = 12. 12 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 2 = 0
Thus, 12 ÷ 2 = 6.
• There are two multiplication facts for each • There are two division facts for each
division fact. multiplication fact.
For example, the multiplication facts for 12 For example, the division facts for
÷ 2 = 6 are 2 × 6 = 12 and 6 × 2 = 12. 2 × 6 = 12 are 12 ÷ 2 = 6 and 12 ÷ 6 = 2.

Word Problems

Let’s solve the following word problem.
Example 3: Harpreet had 15 chocolates. She gave equal number of chocolates to 5 of her
friends. How many chocolates did each friend get?

Solution: Total number of chocolates Harpreet had = 15

Number of friends among whom Harpreet distributed chocolates = 5
First, she gave 5 chocolates, 1 to each friend. 15 – 5 = 10

Then she gave 5 more chocolates, 1 to each friend. 10 – 5 = 5

Finally, she gave 5 more chocolates, 1 to each friend. 5 – 5 = 0

Thus, she gave the chocolates in the following way.
15 – 5 – 5 – 5 = 0 or 15 ÷ 5 = 3

So, each friend got 3 chocolates.

Exercise 5.4

1. Complete the division and multiplication facts.

(a) 7 × = (b) 9 × 5 = 45

21 ÷ 7 = 3 ÷ =

21 ÷ 3 = 7 ÷ =

67