Page 296 - ICSE Math 8

PROBABILITY

Term Definition Formula/Example
Probability The study of the likelihood or chance of Favourable Outcomes
the occurrence of a given event Probability =
Total Outcomes
Experimental/Empirical The probability of an event based on the Number of trials is small
approach actual occurrence
Theoretical approach Predicting the future occurrence of an Favourable Outcomes ()A m
event without actually performing the P(A) = Total Outcomes = n
experiment
m = favourable outcomes
n = total outcomes
A = Event
Experiment an action which results in well-defined
outcomes
Deterministic operations The experiments that produce identical The chemical experiments performed in a
results or outcomes on several repetitions, laboratory repeat the same outcome under
if the conditions are identical identical conditions
Random experiment The exact outcome cannot be predicted Tossing a coin: Possible outcomes cannot
inspite of known possible outcomes be predicted
• Trial Performing a random experiment is called a trial
• Outcome Possible result
• Event outcomes of a random experiment
• Sample Space collection of all possible outcomes of an
experiment
• Favourable Event When an event A consists of the outcome as one of its sample points

• Negation of an Event When an event A does not occur Not A or A
Throwing n dice Total possible outcomes are 6 n
Tossing n coins Total possible outcomes are 2 n
For any event Probability of happening or not happening P(A) + P( A ) = 1, or 0 ≤ P(A) ≤ 1
of an event lies between 0 and 1.

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