Page 15 - ICSE GEOGRAPHY

Passes called a notch or a gap. A col is narrow and
Passes are low points or openings between steep-sided whereas a saddle is a broader gap.
two peaks in a range of mountains and hills.
Gap
Th ey can be at higher elevations as well
and provide a passage across a mountain A gap is a low lying area between two
or a mountain range. Th ey are indicated on elevated landmasses such as mountains. Gaps
contour maps as empty spaces between two are similar to passes, but are more rugged
closed contour lines that represent peaks. and diffi cult to navigate. Th e South Col, for
example, is the gap between Mount Everest
(the highest mountain peak) and Lhotse (the
fourth-highest mountain peak) in the world.

250 250
200 200 Settlements
150
100 100
Settlements are places where people establish
50 50 residential communities. Th ey can vary in
pass
size from single dwelling settlements to major
cities where millions of people live.
pass
Settlements can also be either temporary
or permanent. Th e settlements which
are occupied for a short period are called
Contour lines representing passes temporary settlements while permanent
settlements are those settlements which are
Col
occupied for a longer period of time.
A col refers to the lowest point on a mountain
ridge between two peaks. It may also be Classification of Settlements

Rural Settlement

Th e settlements which are largely dependent
on primary activities such as agriculture,
col
200 animal husbandry and fishing, are known as
150 200 rural settlements.
100 200
150
100
50 Fact Corner
50
There are some other types of settlements
which we see and approach on a daily
col basis. These are holiday resorts, markets,
pass towns, ports and industrial towns. They
are classifi ed or identified on the basis of
their main functions.

Contour lines representing a col

rugged: having a broken, rocky and uneven surface

13