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Modern Usage

Roman numerals were commonly used until 14th century. Since they were not enough to
write large numbers, they were replaced by Hindu-Arabic numbers. However, we still see
them being used in certain places in modern times. Some of them are given below.

• Names of Monarchs and Popes like, Elizabeth II and Benedict XVI
XII I
• Recurring grand event such as Olympic games X XI II
• Hour marks on clock faces and timepieces IX III
VIII IV
• Sometimes page numbering and chapter numbering VII VI V

LET’S EVALUATE

1. Convert the following Hindu-Arabic numbers to Roman numerals.

(a) 15 = _______ (b) 49 = _______ (c) 103 = _______

(d) 305 = _______ (e) 228 = _______ (f) 450 = _______
(g) 637 = _______ (h) 989 = _______ (i) 354 = _______

(j) 509 = _______ (k) 83 = _______ (l) 179 = _______

2. Convert the following Roman numerals to Hindu-Arabic numbers.

(a) XIV = _______ (b) LXII = _______ (c) XCVIII = _______
(d) CCCXXXI = _______ (e) CDV = _______ (f) CMLXXVI = _______

(g) DCCI = _______ (h) CMXV = _______ (i) CD = _______

(j) LIII = _______ (k) XLIX = _______ (l) DCII = _______
3. Find the value of the following Roman numerals.

(a) LXXXIV + XXVI (b) XCIII + LXXI (c) CCXCI – CVI

(d) DXLVI – CDXX (e) LX + XII (f) XXIX + XIV

(g) XL – XIX (h) XCIX – XIII (i) XXXIX – XIX
4. What comes before or after the given Roman numerals?

(a) ________, XXXIV (b) ________, C (c) XXXIX, ________

(d) CCCXCIX, _________ (e) XXI, ________ (f) XLIX, ________

(g) ________, LXX (h) ________, XC (i) ________, DXLVI

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